After the mixed reaction to the dark Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, Spielberg chose to compensate with a film lighter in tone. During the five years between Temple of Doom and Last Crusade, he and executive producer Lucas reviewed several scripts before accepting Jeffrey Boam's. Filming locations included Spain, Italy, England, Turkey and Jordan.
The film was released in North America on May 24, 1989 to mostly positive reviews. It was a financial success, earning $474,171,806 at the worldwide box office totals. It won the Academy Award for Best Sound Editing.
In 1912, 13-year-old Indiana Jones (or Indy) is horseback riding with his Boy Scout troop in Moab, Utah. He discovers robbers in a cave who find an ornamental cross which belonged to Coronado and steals the cross from them. As they give chase, Indy hides in a circus train. Although he escapes, the robbers bring the sheriff, and Indy is forced to return it. Meanwhile, his oblivious father, Henry Jones, Sr., is working on his research into the Holy Grail, keeping meticulous notes in a diary. One of the robbers, impressed by the boy's tenacity, gives him his fedora and some encouraging words.
In 1938, after recovering the cross and donating it to Marcus Brody's museum, Indy is introduced to Walter Donovan, who informs him that Indy's estranged father has vanished while searching for the Holy Grail, using an incomplete inscription as his guide. Indy then receives a package by post which turns out to be his father's Grail diary, containing his father's research. Understanding that his father would not have sent the diary unless he was in trouble, Indy and Marcus travel to Venice, where they meet Henry's Austrian colleague, Dr. Elsa Schneider. Beneath the library where Henry was last seen, Indy and Elsa discover catacombs and the tomb of a knight of the First Crusade, which also contains a complete version of the inscription that Henry had used, this one revealing the location of the Grail. They flee when the catacombs are set aflame by the Brotherhood of the Cruciform Sword, a secret society that protects the Grail. Indy and Elsa are pursued and escape on a speedboat, and a chase through Venice ensues in which they ultimately capture the secret society's leader, Kazim. After Indy convinces him of their honorable goal of rescuing Henry, Kazim explains that The Brotherhood are protecting the Grail from those with evil intentions, and that Henry was abducted to Castle Brunwald on the Austrian-German border. Marcus then reveals that Indy's made a map to the Alexandretta. Indy then finds his room and Elsa's ransacked.
Indy infiltrates the castle and finds his father, but learns that Elsa and Donovan are working with the Nazis, hoping that Indy would discover the location of the Grail for them. In Hatay, Turkey, Marcus arrives to wait for the Joneses carrying the map from Henry's grail diary showing the route to the grail's hiding place, but, despite aid from Sallah, is quickly captured by the Nazis. Meanwhile, the Joneses escape from Castle Brunwald and recover the diary from Elsa at a Nazi rally in Berlin, barely escaping an accidental face to face encounter with Adolf Hitler by giving him the diary to autograph. On a Zeppelin, and later in a biplane, they escape from Germany. But then, while escaping, Henry tells Indiana about the three challenges. After that, the plane is turning around to Germany. Indy and Henry get on the plane to escape. Henry mistakenly hits the wing of the plane and land. Indy and Henry take a car to escape. Then, the plane throws a bomb from above and destroys the car. Henry then destroys the plane by the power of his umbrella and the birds. They then meet Sallah in Hatay, where they learn that Marcus has been abducted and the Nazis have the map and are already moving towards the Grail's location. In exchange for a Rolls Royce owned by the Nazis, the Sultan of Hatay has given the Nazis full access to his equipment for the expedition, including a large WWI tank.
Indiana, Henry, and Sallah find the Nazi expedition and spot Marcus in a car along with the Hatay tank close by. After the Joneses are fired upon by the tank's heavy gun and take cover, the Nazis are attacked by Kazim and several other members of the Brotherhood armed with rifles. The Brotherhood members bring down several Nazis, but are soon killed by machine gun fire and grenades. Before he dies, Kazim warns Elsa and Donovan of the Grail's power for those who are evil. While the Nazis are busy fighting the Brotherhood, Henry attempts to rescue Marcus from the tank but is instead captured himself. A lengthy chase sequence follows in which most of the Nazis and Hatay soldiers are killed as the younger Jones pursues the tank on horseback, boards it, and eventually saves both Marcus and his father just before the tank falls off a cliff. Though Henry, Marcus, and Sallah begin to grieve for Indy, presumed killed in the crash, he shortly appears from the canyon haggard but very much alive, and the four continue on.
Indy, Henry, Marcus, and Sallah catch up and find that the remaining Nazis, including Donovan and Elsa, have found the temple in which the Grail is kept, but are unable to pass through the three traps laid to protect it. Donovan shoots Henry, mortally wounding him, and Indiana is forced to risk his life in the traps in order to find the Grail and use its healing power to save Henry. Using the information in the diary and followed by Donovan and Elsa, Indy successfully passes the traps and reaches a chamber guarded by the last Knight. He has been kept alive for seven hundred years by the power of the Grail, which is hidden among dozens of other cups. Elsa selects a gilded cup encrusted in jewels for Donovan; when Donovan drinks from it, he rapidly decays and crumbles into dust. Indy, recognizing that the Grail would be that of a humble carpenter instead of a wealthy king, selects the plainest-looking wooden cup in the group. It turns out to be the correct vessel, but the Knight warns that it cannot be taken beyond the great seal at the entrance to the temple. Indy fills the Grail with water and quickly takes it to Henry, giving him some to drink and pouring the rest over his gunshot wound to heal it instantly. As they prepare to leave, Elsa tries to take the Grail past the great seal, disregarding the Knight's warning and causing the temple to collapse. She falls to her death into an abyss because she will not give Indy the free hand with which she is trying to grab the Grail; Indy nearly suffers the same fate until Henry persuades him to let it go by calling him by his preferred name for the first time. The Joneses, Marcus, and Sallah narrowly escape the collapsing temple, while the Knight watches them with his mission accomplished. Henry explains that he addresses Indy as "Junior" because his real name is Henry Jones Jr.; the younger Jones chose to use the family dog's name as his nickname, much to Sallah's amusement. The four then ride out of the canyon and into the sunset.
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